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| Chloride Frequently Asked Questions |
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But I like my automatic water softener. Can I continue to use it?Measure S approved by voters on November 4, 2008, enacts the Santa Clara River Chloride Reduction Ordinance of 2008. The ordinance requires the removal of all residential automatic water softeners by June 30, 2009. Residents removing residential automatic water softeners under the ordinance are eligible to take advantage of the Automatic Water Softener Rebate Program.
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Can I divert the brine waste from the sewer system by installing a drain line into my yard, or into a dry well?No, the disposal of brine from an automatic water softener, even if you use potassium chloride, on to land or into a dry well is illegal. The Regional Board will not issue permits for irrigation with brine and disposal brine into a dry well. Violators may be subject to penalties.
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How can I help reduce the amount of chloride going to the Santa Clara River?If you have an automatic water softener, also known as a self-regenerating water softener or rock salt softener, the most important thing you can do is to stop discharging the salty waste (brine) into the sewer system. Remove it today and explore alternatives to your automatic water softener. Other steps you can take are to use non-chlorine bleach or hydrogen peroxide instead of chlorine bleach and to minimize the amount of laundry detergents and fabric softeners that you use, since many of these products contain chloride. You can find environmentally sound detergents and cleaners at most grocery stores.
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How do I know if I have an automatic water softener?If you add salt or potassium chloride to your water softener or have a water conditioning service do so, then you have an automatic water softener. If you have a water conditioning service change out the tank on your water softener on a regular basis, then you have a portable exchange tank system.
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How does chloride end up in the Santa Clara River?After water is used for washing dishes, showering, laundering, flushing toilets, and other uses in the Santa Clarita area, the wastewater goes to the sewer. From there it flows to either the Saugus or Valencia Water Reclamation Plant for treatment. These treatment plants are owned and operated by the Santa Clarita Valley Sanitation District (Sanitation District), and they discharge wastewater into the Santa Clara River after it has been treated. While the treatment plants remove many impurities and pollutants from wastewater, they are not designed to remove chloride. The chloride in wastewater goes through the treatment plants and is discharged to the Santa Clara River.
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I always thought most of the chloride in the Santa Clara River comes from industrial, rather than residential, use. Isn't that true?No. Most of the chloride in the Santa Clara River comes from residences, both from on-site regeneration of automatic water softeners--this is the biggest added source--and from chloride that already exists in the drinking water from your tap. Small amounts of chloride also come from soaps, detergents and other cleaning products, particularly laundry products. The discharge of chloride from industrial and commercial businesses is regulated by the Sanitation District, and Santa Clarita businesses have been prevented from using automatic water softeners since 1961.
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I don't like the quality of the water coming into my home. How can I treat it without using an automatic water softener?A number of different treatment systems are available for the water you use in your home. Click here for a partial list of water conditioning systems acceptable for use in the Santa Clarita Valley. The Sanitation District does not endorse any particular water treatment unit, nor does the Sanitation District provide any assurances regarding the effectiveness of any unit. If you need soft water, you can switch to an alternative means of softening your water, such as a portable exchange tank water softening system. Some vendors offer non-salt treatment units for conditioning water. Depending on your needs, you may also consider filtration, activated carbon, or reverse osmosis treatment units.
Filtration simply stated, removes suspended matter from water by mechanical "screening." Basic filters usually are porous beds of insoluble material. Other examples include cast forms, plates of sheet material, synthetic membranes, finely perforated plastic, or specially sized beds of inert particles. The filtration process removes suspended silt, clay, colloids, and some microorganisms. Simple cartridge filters may be effective for low levels of turbidity.
Activated carbon filtration systems involve the adhesion of one material on the surface of a second solid substance based on opposing electrical charges of each material. These systems are widely used to eliminate certain hazardous compounds related to industrial wastes, chemicals, and pesticides. This treatment method can also remove unpleasant tastes and odors caused by decaying organic matter, dissolved gases, and residual chlorine.
Reverse osmosis methods employ a unit divided into two chambers by a semi-permeable membrane. One of the chambers contains "raw" water with undesirable constituent(s) (e.g., salt). Reverse osmosis involves the application of pressure to the side of the chamber containing the raw water. This forces the water to leave the contaminated chamber and flow through the treatment membrane into the "treated" water chamber, leaving the unwanted minerals behind, which are then rinsed to the drain. The membrane filters the water on a molecular scale. Reverse osmosis provides partially demineralized water.
The American Ground Water Trust, state health departments, water well construction agencies, local health officials, or ground water industry professionals are sources for assistance and/or referral to qualified water testing services. It is important to have an independent water analysis. Look for a professional who understands your water chemistry, explains your treatment options and who pays attention to the details specific to your home and water supply. Before purchasing major water conditioning equipment, obtain information and bids from more than one company. You may want to check on the reputation of the company by contacting your local Better Business Bureau.
(Descriptions and suggestions above provided by the American Ground Water Trust. For more information, see their website at http://www.agwt.org)
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I still have questions. Who can I talk to for more information?If you have any further questions or want more information about your choices, you may call the Sanitation District toll-free at 1-877-CUT-SALT or email us at cutsalt@lacsd.org.
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If I use potassium chloride in my water softener instead of sodium chloride, will that help eliminate the problem?No. Although potassium chloride does not contain sodium, it still contains chloride.
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If the Sanitation District has to build new treatment facilities, will my sewage costs increase?Yes. The cost of new facilities would have to be borne by residents and businesses of the Santa Clarita Valley.
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What is chloride?Chloride is one of the two components of sodium chloride, also known as table salt or rock salt. It is also one of the two components of potassium chloride, also known as potassium tablets or potassium crystals.
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Why can't the existing treatment plants be modified to take out the chloride?They can be modified, but the treatment needed (microfiltration and reverse osmosis) is very costly. The cost to construct additional facilities to remove the chloride load from existing residential automatic water softeners is estimated at $74 million. By contrast, the cost of providing a rebate program paying residents for their AWS (plus free removal and disposal) is estimated at $2.5 million.
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Why can't the Sanitation District treat our tap water to make it softer and eliminate the need for water softener systems?It is not within the Sanitation District's scope to treat and serve drinking water. Any decision to further treat tap water must be made by the local water agencies in the Santa Clarita Valley. It may be very costly and difficult to treat all of the tap water in the Santa Clarita area, since half of the potable (drinkable) water in the area comes from groundwater wells, and it is the water from the groundwater wells that is hard. Water treatment equipment would have to be installed and maintained at numerous wellhead locations that are scattered around the Santa Clarita Valley or combined to develop a centralized treatment facility and new distribution system.
One local purveyor, Valencia Water Company, is currently conducting a one-year pellet softening demonstration project in the Copperhill community. More information can be obtained on their website at http://www.valenciawater.com.
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Why is chloride bad for water?Too much chloride in water can damage agricultural crops by causing leaf burn or drying of leaf tissue. It also can harm aquatic life if present at levels of 230 milligrams per liter (parts per million) for sustained periods.
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Why is it necessary to reduce chloride levels in the Santa Clara River?The Los Angeles Regional Water Quality Control Board (Regional Board) has set a water quality objective of 100 milligrams per liter for the Santa Clara River. Regional Board officials believe that this objective is necessary to protect salt sensitive agricultural crops, such as avocados and strawberries. Currently the concentration of chloride being discharged to the river is consistently above the acceptable level established by the Regional Board.
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